by Max Barry

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Sport in Atlantis

Peace & Athletes


Link
Diving: The 1972 Olympic Games, David Hockney (a gay popular artist
who asserted an Linkunfalsifiable thesis that Renaissance realism used the
lens of the camera obscura and camera lucida as optic aids) for the
XX Olympiad in Munch, Virgo 11672 HE as an example of graphic design.

Palma Riviera is active in sport, which fosters international cooperation and global harmony of humanity through pacific competition (competizione, competición, competició, competição, compétition) between individual athletes (atleti, atletas, atletes, athlètes) or teams (squadre, equipos, equips, equipas, équipes) and not nations. In the conclusion to LinkPythian VIII of an epinicion (an ode and hymn to victory for the games honouring Apollo), the poet LinkPindar (Πίνδαρος or Pindaros) reflects on athletes and articulates his sense of temporal and spiritual vicissitudes of life, or the vital and existential tension of mortal fate and physical realisation.

    Creatures of a day! What is anyone?
    What is anyone not? A dream of a shadow
    Is our mortal being. But when there comes to men
    A gleam of splendour given of heaven,
    Then rests on them a light of glory
    And blessèd are their days.

Jocular and creative exercise is not merely puerile or juvenile but essential for vital and physical form. It promotes progress of humanist potency and sanitary composure (personal edification, intellectual education, and individual maturation) in the corpse, mind and spirit. Human authenticity, validated in society as probity and integrity, is a virtuous, valuable and beneficial ethos (ethic, force and credibility) in Atlantean and Palman culture. Victorious and decorated athletes are champions (campioni, campeones, campions, campeões, champions), or the socially-conformed analogues to the paladins of peacetime and the warriors of wartime. In their human form and physical agency, athletes become objects of art and subjects of beauty. The admiration of the vitality of these organic humans (sustained in primal and artificial exercise by the natural and energetic forces of the light and heat of the Sun, and the land and water of the Earth) is erotic and carnal. Mythic Eros, a consort of Psyche and an Erotes of cupidity similar to Anteros (amour), Phthonos (envy) and Pothos (desire), is connected to androphilia and the athletic (not academic) gymnasium. Pride (orgueil or prat), in the sense of a superb and not a addle (vacuous, vacant and vain, or in the Iberian languages huero or goro from the Celtic for "thermal, furnace, warm, ferment, fervent, incubation, fertilisation, cultivation") dignity, of the existence ("that") and succeeding essence ("what") of the authentic physical and social being of ego ("self") is virtuous. Similar to being intelligent (atamai or akamai), being present (presto, prest, prêt), quick (pronto, prompt) and sly (lesto, listo, llest) are valued as characteristics of alacrity and élan important for success (the negation or positive opposition of absence, neutrality or annihilation, which is not necessarily failure as remotion, deletion, destruction, demolition, ablation, abolition, elimination, eradication, expunction, obliteration or amputation) in the earnest (diligent, ardent, fervent, intransigent, serious, conscientious, scrupulous, punctilious, vigorous, strenuous, laborious, industrious, glorious, resolute and obstinate) tenacity essential to Atlantean society. To be "at hand" is being willing ("willy", "ferdy" or ready). Well-being is a moderation of mens sana in corpore sano ("sane mind in a sane corpse", as the Roman poet Decimus Junius Juvenalis phrased in his LinkSatire X of satirical or social discussion that references panem et circenses, that corporal debility is preferable to dementia, or a mental state of cognisant idiocy, sapient imbecility and sentient stupidity, and Alexander the Great as the Macedonian Linkyouth of Pella, from pélla or πέλλα for "stone" that has been used to describe a popular assembly). Physical (corporal and mental) capacity, as characterised by activity, agility, acuity, and ability are prized as virtues in life for accomplishment (perfection, coordination, realisation and creation) and in sport for health (hygiene as masculine and feminine virility, sanity, versatility, vivacity, vigour, verve, energy and brio). Practice aids in the transformation of difficile activities as facile.

Sport is defined to (1) have an element of competition, (2) be in no way nocive to any living creature, (3) not rely on equipment provided by a sole furnisher, and (4) not depend on any "luck" element specifically designed into the sport. Sport in Atlantis is a private economic affair, with athletes participating in local sports clubs at leisure centres and training grounds to be "fit" or apt (aptitude, attitude, competency and capacity in function and form). These medical services are provided either by and for their members, or for the public by a university, a municipal commune and the donations of benevolent benefactors. Philanthropic communal and social organisations (communities, societies, or cultural, general, tribal and mutual associations) assist families and young people (humans and persons, whether masculine, feminine or neuter in gender and whether male, female or androgynous in sex) with these hygienic services. (They are noted for homosexual "cruising".) Athletes (who are professional, albeit amateur Linkin spirit) participate in the following IOC (International Olympic Committee) recognised sporting events, e.g., in the Summer and Winter Olympic Games (the Games of the Olympiad). Symbolised by five interlaced rings that signify the continents of Earth (Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and Atlantis, which are the inhabited continental masses of terrestrial land with which neighbouring islands are grouped), the IOC adopted an Olympic Charter as a codification of the educational responsibility, social obligation and cultural respect for universal fundamental ethical principles. One principle declares the "practice of sport is a human right" where an "individual must have the possibility of practising sport, without discrimination" as is required by a mutual spirit of human dignity, amity and solidarity. It prohibits discrimination based on nationality and ethnicity as incompatible with the Olympic Movement. The IOC is comprised of National Olympic Committees (NOCs) of the societies of humanity, whilst international and national organisations (associations, federations and confederations) govern, administer and regulate each sport. It selects (in government) judges (the collective judge or tribunal of just judgement from the Latin iudices, a plural of iudex as the origin of giudice, juez, jutge, juiz, xuíz, juge) as arbiters or arbitrators (delegates and magistrates of impartial reference in the jurisdiction of arbitration, regulation, administration and adjudication) for the subjective (not objective, chronologic or metronomic) evaluation of Olympic athletes. The Olympics was inspired by the Olympiaki Agones (Ὀλυμπιακοί Ἀγῶνες) in Olympia (Ὀλυμπία), which were Panhellenic festivals that honoured the victor in sport with an olive crown (kótinos or κότινος) as a prize like the laurel of the Pythian or Delphic Games in Pytho (Πυθώ) or Delphi (Δελφοί). These differed from Panathenaic artistic and athletic competitions (cultural, ceremonial and ritual events in a stadion or στάδιον of Attica with a hegemonic Golden Age noted for the politics of Pericles, its "prime citizen" as described by the Athenian historian Thucydides and as idolised by the syncretic, liberal and federal Perikuresu) that adjudicated a material premium of amphorae (plural of amphora) of olive oil to the victors. The floral crown was extended to the symbolic poetic collection in literature as the Hellenic anthology (ἀνθολογία or anthología) or the florilegium. These florilegia (neither a miscellany nor an opera omnia) influenced the "commonplace" books (from locus communis, itself from tópos koinós) and the "yearbooks" of class (aged 18 to 20 years) for the ephebic jurament during a dokimasia prior to becoming citizens of Athens. The modern Olympics (based in Atlantean Alpenburg) presents medals (precious metal discs with an etymology denominating a monetary price equivalent to half of the value of a denarius) to the three excellent, glorious and beauteous champions in a competition as recognition and compensation. City-states construct a park (centrum, stadium, forum, arena and campus that is analogous to a museum) with villages, towers, halls and gardens. The Olympics inspired—in addition to universities and the Novan provinces—the friendly Atlantean Union Games with an inauguration (with a sacred flame of the "divine" in a sanctuary or a temple and a musical theme as an overture or aperture to the Muses in indicative title of a siglum of sigla, which is similar to an opus of opera), ceremonies, events, competitors (as rival and concurrent adversaries that become champions), and oath (sacramento, sagrament, sacrament and giuramento, juramento, jurament, xuramento).

The Atlantean hero of creation and alienation explores the original, liminal and existential condition of solitude in humanity. Roland Barthes in his autobiography (q.v. at LinkMonoskop wiki for media that alludes to the monoscope video camera tube based on the CRT) defines the amateur as one who participates (is attracted or activated) in the capacity of sport, music, art and science "without the spirit of mastery or competition". An amateur (from the Latin amator for a lover, "one who loves and loves again") "renews [their] pleasure" and "is anything but a hero" of invention, innovation and (re)presentation. The amateur creates (founds, proves, demonstrates, determines, imposes, establishes, institutes, constitutes, constructs and confirms) themself "graciously (for nothing) in the signifier", i.e. "the immediately definitive substance". It is a praxis (a cruise not of a professional athlete, musician, artist or scientist) that involves no rubato where the subject does not rob or reave "the object for the sake of the attribute". It is a rejection of the "system as apparatus" in favour of "systematics". Barthes identifies the passion (rather than an action) of cruising as "the Variant, the Alternant" and feminine (not masculine) "La Papillonne" of the humanist, feminist and libertarian socialist philosopher François Marie Charles Fourier (who proposed utopian communities or colonial communes named "phalansteries", from phalanstère as a portmanteau of phalange or "phalanx" and monastère or "monastery", that influenced architectural habitation). This cruising, which is representative of the amateur, is a Linkproductive process (not a reductive process) with the potential of diversion, distraction and connection.

Popular sport disciplines (all of which are gamed or "joked" at the Olympic Games) of sport clubs ("circles", all of which are owned or controlled by their members) include (by popularity):

  1. Football. The UAFA (Union of Atlantean Football Associations) is one of the confederations of world football's regulatory and disciplinary institution, the IFAF (International Federation of Association Football), which is responsible for the organisation of the most notable international football competition: the World Cup (Coppa del Mondo, Copa del Mundo, Copa del Món, Copa do Mundo, Coupe du monde). These organisations are statutory (legal, i.e. de jure not solely de facto) monopolies. The UAFA Nations' Cup nation competition is the Atlantean qualifier for the World Cup. This championship is also called "Atlas" and the year. Football (Italian: calcio; Spanish and Galician: fútbol; Catalan: futbol; Portuguese: futebol; French: football; German: Fußball; Dutch: Voetbal) is the national and most popular sport in Palma Riviera. The governing organisations in each nation operate hierarchic systems of leagues where teams ascend by promotion and descent by relegation. The primary level (not secondary or second) leagues are Nova-Lox's Nova League, Alpenburg's Federal League (German: Bundesliga; French: Ligue Fédérale; Italian: Lega Federale), Aleixandria's Premier League (Spanish: Liga Primera), and Palma Riviera's National League (Italian: Lega Nazionale; Spanish, Portuguese and Galician: Liga Nacional; Catalan: Lliga Nacional; French: Ligue Nationale). Teams (ranges, ranks, rings, rows, groups, columns, lines and series) or "youth academies" for young juveniles under aged y years (such that y does not exceed aged 20 years) exist in each national football association or federation (Italian: associazione, federazione; Spanish and Galician: asociación, federación; Catalan: associació, federació; Portuguese: associação, federação; French: association, fédération; German: Bund, Band; Dutch: bond, band that organises its league. UAFA Champion Clubs' Cup is the prestigious club competition in Atlantean football. The composer Dmitri Shostakovich described football as "the ballet of the masses". The spherical football (with a vesical and globular balloon pressurised with air at one normal atmosphere) is passed on a pitch (a rectangular field or ground of turf with an area formed by touch or band line and a goal or but line at the door) in match of two teams each with 11 players. Codified norms as conventions require it to be prepared and maintained as horticultural grounds (yards and parks) and mowed with a horizontal cylinder of axial blades in a rotary spool or roll of a cart. A variety of football occurs in a hall (salone, sala, salón, saló, salão, salon) on a durable and hard surface. Teams recruit (recuperate, reinvigorate, regenerate, recreate, reimplace and revitalise) candid talent with treasure as corporate entities do with professional occupations.

    The name of the sport refers to the action of running, treading and charging with the ball in boots (caligae, the plural of caliga, with traction for the calcaneum, which is etymologically related to χᾰ́λῐξ or khálix, calx for "chalk, stone" and calculus for the computation and calculation of accounts by the counts of calculators) with protuberances (spikes, cleats or crampons) for traction (adhesive friction). Its Atlantean origins lie in the Anishinaabe, Astronesians, Britannians and Australians, 蹴鞠 (cu(k) / (t)suk k(h)iuk / kiok / g(i)uk / giog / gug / kug) of Sinitic China is principal. Rugby (named for an English berg and market town with a "place" or "cross" and a "grammar" school of the private public, not of the state of the common, popular and vulgar public) and its "handball" variants (where the ball is generally, ordinarily or habitually touched, carried and ported by the manual hand, palm and digit with the brachial arm, instead of usually, regularly or normally struck, shot and passed past by the pedal foot with the crural bone, shank and gamb as in the epicene ἐπῐ́σκῡρος or epískūros that is similar to the Roman harpastum, from the Hellenic ἁρπᾰστόν or harpastón with a Florentine renovation and resurrection, in its motive acts to "swike", deceive, frustrate, and impose jocose fraud in agile tactics) are derivations and intersections of this sport. Whilst all consist of chase and capture, these involve contact, contract and collision. A sport of "water rugby", literally named "sea ball", is played in the pools and lakes of Daarwyrth. (Its aquatic religion of Mareism culturally venerates seas and oceans as marine, divine and vital progenitors. At the side of Palmaism in Atlantis, its rites and cults and those of LinkSolarism, Pantheism and Jediism, from the Arabic جَدّ or jadd for progenitor and the Sinitic 時代 or s(h)i dai / (d)oi / thoi / tai for "epoch, era", are jointly practised.)

    The name of "polo" (for "ball" in the Balti language spoken in the Baltistan region of Kashmir and Karakoram, which is related to Newara / Nevala / Nepala, or the origin of Buddha, and the realm of 藏 or zang / zong / ca(u)ng / c(h)ong for the cryptic g'ya dred or "rocky bear" and the central purity or magazine of Bhota or Tibet in the Himalaya from bod via the Persian تبت or tobbat, the Turkic tepe / tepü / töpü / töbe / töbö for "height", and the Sinitic 吐蕃 and 土番 or t(o)u / tho / thu / d(o)u h(u)an(g) / p(u)an(g) / fan / ban / bo for "strange, barbarian, frontier, neither Han nor Chinese land of Earth" that is of a indigenous, aboriginal and native people vomited, regurgitated, emitted, ejected and ejaculated) used in a sport (named in Persian چوگان or čōwgan) of Iranian equestrian nomads was extended to this sport. It is similar to pall mall (palle-maille<pallamaglio from "ball, bowl" and "maul, mail"). In tennis, it inspired modal styles of collar or neck (cf. the rolled variety originally used with metal coats of mail, habergeon, hauberk or byrnie). Used with caps and shorts by athletic teams, "jumpers" are named for the woollen mariners of the Norman isles (bailiwicks of the administration and jurisdiction of a bailiff as a civil and civic representative in a ducal province) of Jersey and Guernsey (with Alderney, Sark and Herm). The kit (ensemble of equipment and collection of accessories) is uniform (similar) in colour and mode with squad numbers (numeral digits), names (for personal and family identification), and emblems. The marks of modal vestments include those of the constructor or fabricant. The fabrication (industrial and commercial manufacture) of these goods (products) for athletes and sport in general are contaminated (compromised, complicated, implicated and involved) by the corporate political ideology (e.g., the reputation and enterprises of the Franconian and german brothers, Adolf "Adi" and Rudolf "Rudi" Dassler who adopted triple stripes mark that transferred from a firm named for the Finnish karhu or bear, in capitalism with a nationalism and fascism that is contrary to libertarian socialism) of cooperative, collaborative and competitive corporations of recreative equipment (e.g., cooperators, collaborators and competitors named for invictus, thede, the panther, the humming bee, the Gallic cock, the nightingale, the gens Anicia, the lance, and the Dalmatian city of Iadera). Atlantean fabrication of equipment for sport is predominantly located in the Alpine regions (i.e., Alpenburg, with others on the rivers of Nova-Lox because of hydraulic energy). The characteristic style of hair or pile (irrespective of type and texture) in sport is a coiffure or frisure that is snedded curt (defined as a pilose form that is chiselled with a shear or razor and tallied with a comb or pecten, whilst any beard or barb is limited in length for a refreshing function during motion, respiration, and the diaphoretic transpiration of sudor or sweat).

  2. Tennis. Grand or major (not minor) tournaments (tornei, torneos, torneigs, torneios, tournois) and championships (campionati, campeonatos, campionats, campionatos, championnats) include the Rosa Open (the Rosa International Championship) in Rio de Rosa played on a clay court, the Nova Open in New York played on a hard court (at the largest tennis stadium or arena in the world that is located in the centre club of Flushing Meadows Park), and the Leasdon Championships in New London played on a grass court (near a common green administered by a collective corporation conservators). The tournaments consist of singles and doubles matches. A "Grand Prize" ("salami") includes a "tour" (circuit, circle, cycle, turn, vault, volute, vuelta, volta or giro) as a series of a tournament of masters. Tennis is a historically Palman sport that was originally played on the interior and exterior courts of the nobles. As a game of the palm (palmo, palma, palmell, paume), it is played with a racquet, which is believed to originate from the Arabic rāḥat al-yad (رَاحَة اَلْيَد) meaning "palm of the hand", that strikes a ball (pall, bola, pelota, pilota, bóla, balle, pelote, boule) in return of a serve over a central net (a rete erect by posts) that bisects with service lines delineating (demarcating or delimiting) the frontier. The name of "tennis" originates from the French second-person imperative of "hold, have". A tennis match consists of a set of games, each four points total. With a different serve (service, entry, sake or "upslay" prior to the result, issue, event, success, consequence, conclusion or termination of exit), it is related to another racquet sport that shuts, shoots, scoots or skeets a plumed "skittlecock" across a reticle net. Named for the mechanism used to weave thread (cf. "bolt" or harpoon<harpagon), it influenced the table tennis and table football. Projecting missiles—with a sphere or (lithic) projectile point, not a sagittal fletch by a tensile arc or bow—at a shield as a "but(t), boot, bud", which is compared to a stump or stem as in a c(h)ag, kag or keg(el) (not keel, kiel or quille of a ship as the careen or carina of a vessel) is popular in Novan pubs with the alcoholic "boozer" or "bowser" (as in the delicious indulgence of the "fool" and "carouse" from gar aus(trinken) for "yare out (drink)"). Other games use a "targe(t)" located by the trajectory of a culcita (cf. discus<diskos or solos for "bar", not salus, moros or mura), whilst others use balls, a table and a queue (coda<cauda) are named carambole (carambola for the karambal fruit in Maharashtra from karmara(nga)) and billard (from bille for "bickle, pickle, talus, astragalus, datum").

    The Basque and Valencian pelota (a "pellet", pilotta or diminutive of pila from Latin pilus or "pile") is played on a trinquete (a mean, middle or median with a scale, cord and lo(d)ge) or a frontón (a tympanum, pyramid, façade or mural, facial and frontal wall) court with the palm of the hand or racquet. This sport is similar to the Anadolia ollamaliztli (from olli for "kawchu, latex ball" that was vulcanised and symbolic for a solar sphere, tlama for "to capture, chase", and the suffix for the nominal form of a verbal action) on the tlachtli ("court"). In addition to corporal motion of automatic reflexes (to neural impulses) and taxis (i.e., directional locomotion of an organism in response to a stimulus as kinesis and vagility, which as motility and mobility is in contrast to sessility), motor control includes fixing or maintaining the concentration of mental attention, intention and extension (e.g., the subjective sensual "oculus" of the subject) on the object of the objective ball. The Celtic warrior game with a hooked crook (crutch, crosse and crick), curved bat(on) similar to a cudgel, or bent stick and stock (cam(an) with a bos(t(i)a) or palm that, with the abstract nominal suffix -acht that is comparable to the adjectival suffix -og, -oc, -ag, -ach, results in the name of the sport as elaborated with the Atlantean indigenous people, including the Haudenosaunee) is played on a field where the objective is to drive (aigid) a ball (sleb tar, from myth where Cú Chulainn strikes one over, beyond, across or through a mountain), or a puck (a disk whose name is from "buck" and is passed in a "bandy") when on ice. An ancient game or joke involves launching balls, bowls or bocce (plural of boccia, a cognate of "beat, butt(on)") onto a plane with a manual, brachial and pedal stance and the comparison of the relative measure of proximity and distance to the objective (a globe or sphere). A variety slides and glides a stone (e.g., curled granite) on ice (i.e., transductive contact with the surface of low friction). This oyun is related to striking or b(e)ating a ball with a curr or kurr in defence of a wicket at the ground (the base or radical basis) with points accumulated and attained from coursing a round curve or circuit.

  3. Athletics, which includes running, jumping, throwing, and walking (e.g., terrestrial track of a field). Running includes relays, sprints, middle- and long-distance events (courses or "races"). Jumping events include long vaulting and kinetic "far leaping" with a "pole stock". Throwing events are javelin and discus. There are also combined (combination of multiple) events, such as the pentathlon consisting of five events, heptathlon consisting of seven events, and decathlon consisting of ten events. Events are held at stadia; stadia is the plural of stadium. An amphitheatre (the circular homologue to a semicircular theatre with a scene) consists of a scaena, pulpitum, proscaenium, orchestra, cavea, arena, auditorium and vomitorium. The defined distance of an athletic track (pista, piste) course is 400 m (with the presumption that the runner runs in a path 30 cm from the interior limit of the lane, which is 1.22 m in breadth). A rectilinear (right) track tolerates a 100 m course. The Olympic "marathon" (named for the passage of legendary Pheidippides, a hemerodrome or "courier", from μάραθον or "fennel" to Athenai with the message of Attic victory to the ekklesia during the Persian invasion, which culminated in a subsequent Thermopylai) is 40 km. Its origin is a possible course resulting from a confusion of Herodotus ("mixt" or mixed by Heraclides, Plutarchus of Khaironeia, and Lucian). Common distances of this anaerobic (and aerobic) exercise (as endurance) are 100(2n) m for n = 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4.

  4. Swimming (natation). Due to the importance of water and history of public baths in Palma Riviera, the aquatic sports of swimming and diving are popular across the spectrum of age and aptitude (talent or charisma), whether in pools (indoor or outdoor) or open water (sea or ocean). Pools are contained in halls or natatoria (plural of natatorium). Like running (in ambulatory locomotion) and alpine skiing, diving is physically a controlled fall (tumble, cadence or descent from a superior or high elevation to an inferior state with potential energy transforming or converting into kinetic energy in motion, and momentum the product of mass and velocity) caused by the effect of gravity. Rock or alpine mountain climbing (arrampicata, escalada, escalade), like arboreal locomotion, is a form of topographic or ecologic and anatomic or mechanic ascent in a struggle with the forces of gravity and friction in the acceleration and motion of mass. The mountaineers or alpinists in an association ("for-any" or "for-one") publish guides to lead and fare. The riding or mounting of an aquatic surface undulation (with a swoon, sough, or loquacious and garrulous vagitus) of the oceanic sea and at the marine coast (respectively structures of liquid and solid material) with a table ("board" of canes or junks and arboreal toa or koa as a "brave warrior" from the Malay teras, tegas for "dure(ss), duramen, rigid, hard") was introduced by the Polynesian Astronesians (noted for their rowing in vessels) as pae poko or pae poʻo (for "head, pinnacle" as in alaia, ali(ya), not eyalet, for "ascent, flow, wax, Attic" and "embark, not aland", which is not to be confused with pai, pari, pali, paray, palay, pazay, padi of rice) and (w)heke ngaru or feʻe nalu (for the "descent, ebb, wane" of a "wave"). The turbulence of "breaks" (destabilisation, deformation, deviation and dissipation) occurs in the transformation of kinetic and dynamic energy as a turbulent fluid and vortex with a phase, amplitude, and cyclic frequency (periodicity, vorticity, velocity and celerity in acceleration and motion). Coordinated groups of nautical Atlanteans compete in a "shell" by rowing with a rudder or reme (not "(c)ream").

  5. Skiing. Alpenburg is world-famous for the random traverse of its terrain, fields, tracts and trails (cf. tragula, traglia, tralla, tralha, traille, draille, draglia for "spear, lance") in the Alps. These alpine ambulatory "alleys", paths (trama, tram(it)e, trámite, trâmite, tràmit for "pace, step, pad, foot" as in a semita, senda, senta, sente, sentier(o), sende(i)r(o)), and routes (from via rupta as ways that have been rout, rot(t)(o), rota by romp>rupt for a camminus as in cam(m)ino, camí, caminho, chemin or "pass(age)", distinct from κάμῑνος or kámīnos for "chimney" of a fire and furnace with its cinereous ash, creosote, as in pancreas and soter, and fuliginous soot, from "sit", not "sweet", for ruoz, ruot) connected people, territories and seas (e.g., the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean in a reflection of the motion of the Sun). Transport by toboggan (from the Anishinaabe for sled, sledge or sleigh) with hounds over the snow is prevalent. Another "ski(d)" winter sport, slick, sleek and slight ice skating (choreographic figure skating with music and velocity), is popular in Nova-Lox and Atlantis's northern latitudes. Similar movements originate from the gymnasia. Gymnastics (from the Greek meaning "exercise nude, train naked") is artistic, rhythmic, acrobatic, and aerobic requires versatility, flexibility, balance of discipline (physical equilibrium), and muscular force (resistive contraction and tension) and control (active coordination and precision). Athletes such as gymnasts train with weights (μήλη or mḗlē and ἁλτῆρες or haltêres). The sport, combat and struggle of wrestling, practised in the nude and in a palaestra (from παλαίστρᾱ or palaístrā) in the Graeco-Roman tradition, is named košti pahlavâni (پهلوانی‎ کشتی) for "heroic (gymnastic and athletic) exercise" as an activity of domination and submission (kuddha). Pugilism (the boxing of manual hands as members of brachial arms), which is dissimilar to the martial and technical method (e.g., the Sinitic 武術 or wu / vu / bu / mu shu / sut / sud / sug / suk, which is a discipline or of 功 or gung / gong / kung / kong / kang for "merit" where a 夫 or fu / hu / b(o)u / po for "person" 跆 or tai / dai / tae / toi for "tramples" with the 手 or s(h)ou / siu / c(h)iu for "hand" and the 拳 or quan / k(y)un(g) / gung / k(h)ian / k(h)oan for "fist") of savate (French for "shoe" that uses the pedal feet to strike and attack (which the fictional physicist and scientist Professor Cuthbert Calculus, or Professeur Tryphon Tournesol in Tintin, who was inspired by the twinlings Auguste and Jean Piccard, affirmed to practice at university in the past; the titular character of the series is noted for his modal "plus four [inches, from the Latin uncia of unus, as in an 'one' that is analogous to the 'ounce' division or portion of a 'foot']" trousers, which are named for an additional 10 centimetres of large longitude measured from the from beneath the knee) in offence, is distinct from this sport. A Turkic form of similarly homoerotic (androphilic) wrestling consists of nude hide (epidermis) covered in lubricant oil and "leather hoses" (in Arabic كِسْوَة‎ or kiswa) that cover the pudic genitals whose embrace and capture is the objective.

    The focal agitation (shooting, launching, tiring or tearing) of propellant objects by charged ballistic and energetic arms (e.g., incendiary ignition and inflammatory compression of pyretic explosion, detonation, deflagration, conflagration, combustion or burning as an exothermic chemical reaction with a reductant and an oxidant) or with a change of momentum (i.e., the impulse of force transferred by kinetic and elastic tension or torsion with dynamic, not static, potential by a mechanism, not solely the muscular contraction of skeletal muscles that are separated from corporal organs by fascial tissues and that are connected to the osseous skeleton, with its ligaments and articulations, by fibrous tendons of connective collagen) with an objective is distinct from the combat and skirmish with the epee, sabre or floret (laminar spade or foil). A muscle of biophysics is similar to a kinematic spring (ressort, not a font or fountain) of motive elasticity with a tension in extension and flexion for an attentive relation of intent and extent as manipulation (by active, neither passive nor aggressive, manoeuvres). The coordination of the eyes, hands and feet in motor control (function and motion) is essential to athletics. Humans (as primates) coordinate neural signals and modal senses in proprioception or kinaesthesia (which Daniel Wolpert, a colleague of Karl Friston, proposes is the "reason" for the evolution of the brain). The visual cortex processes information in computation from the tunica retina (from the Arabic طَبَقَة شَبَكِيَّة‎ or ṭabaqa šabakiyya, itself from شَبَكَة or šabaka) as impulses from the ocular eye via the cranial optic nerve. A part of the central nervous system and as cerebral tissue, it consists of photoreceptor cells (with a bipolar intermediary) and neurones (e.g., reflexive and photosensitive ganglions whose axons form the optic nerve with glia) that are interconnected by synapses (a junction of nerve cells with a dendrite and an axon where a neurotransmitter is released unit with receptors) in the circuits of the central nervous system. The retinal and central fovea (cf. hoya, hoyo, foya, foia, foxo, fojo for "pit") is adapted for optimal acuity in vision, is encircled by the macula, and is not vascular. The eye is composed of the sclera, cornea, uvea (iris, choroid and cilia), pupil, lens, suspensory ligament, and (aqueous and vitreous) humours and chambers. Callisthenics (from the Greek kallós or κᾰ́λλος for "beauty" and sthenos or σθένος for "strength") is for aesthetic form and potent function in a combination of human physical (corporal and mental) courage, fortitude and (decisive, firm and resolute) determination. Athletes are considered to be sexual icons in Atlantean culture.

  6. Cycling. A sport of engineering, the cycles of motors and vehicles (automobiles in formulaic, resistance, persistence, and rally races of the sportive International Automobile Federation) is similar to an equestrian course with domestic animals, and with or without carts. The greatest courses or careers are the Grands Prix (Gran Premi, Grandes Premios, Grans Premis, Grandes Prêmio) held at circuits like (circuito di/de, circuit de) Delfino. The spectacle of the monoposto, monoplaza or monopraza (similar to the motor cart, but not to be confused with the casino, bazaar, gallery, hotel or market) inspire the diversion (from vocation, profession or occupation) of scale electric and magnetic models of physics, technics and mechanics for jokes, control, motion and relation of representation. These use a circuit or trace as a road with a slot (slit or slice) and track (bane or spoor) to simulate an autodrome, which analogous to the figures and ways of trains utilised by amateur engineers, television and science museums for demonstration, manifestation and interpretation. Compare this criterium (from the criterion in the criteria of a critic) of a formula (formulae as classes) to the velodrome of cycles (governed by the International Cyclist Union), which are ridden on routes and in mass similar to running. The theme of steady (constant, regular, consistent or stable) "endurance" from the weary fatigue of effort, captured in the Persian پویان‎ or puyân and the Italian name Dante as a reduction of Durante or Durand for "durable, endure, duration, firm, hard, strong, mighty", is common in sport. The teams of the "pole" are named for the rampant and cavalier (e)squire of a stable (scuderia, escudería, escuderia, écurie for "stall" itself from (e)scude(i)r(o) of a heraldic "shield").

Table games (gammons) include chess (scacchi, ajedrez, escaques, escacs, xadrez, échecs) on a table with 64 cases arranged in a square with 16 pieces of six types restricted in motion (displacement or movement) for each of the two players in the objective of inescapable capture of the king of the opposition, go (棋 or qi / ki / kei / gi, for a table with 361 points or intersections of a square reticle that correspond to area of territory to control with white and swart stones or lapilli for the proponent and opponent that have four liberties to be encircled, i.e. 圍 or wei / wai / v(e)i / ui, prior to capture as a prisoner, whose position cannot be repeated, whilst a variety consists of k in a line on a tabular board of m × n), and real (regal or royal) tables (tavole reali, tablas reales, taules reales, tábua reais, táboas reais, tables royales) with 15 draughts (chequers) for each of the two players to be moved along the course of 24 triangular points of a rectangle by the launch (lance, cast, throw, warp, tear, try, smite or toss) of two dice. An independent Astronesian variation consists of a rectangular square and orthogonal (not diagonal) moves. Stochastic games of strategy (and chance with a probability distribution) include the latter, dominoes (28 tiles divided into two numbered squares), and cards, which is considered to be "treasure" (ganj or گنج in Persian). An Atlantean "mace" used in casinos (for state revenue, receipts or returns) consists of 52 cards (carte, naibi, naipes, cartes, cartas) with four ensigns (suits or ensembles of fards or colours): denaries (monies), spades (swords), batons, and cups. The latter two are alternatively roses (flowers, branches or arms) and shields (pikes, leaves or foils). The court cards are the symbolic and classic figures of the king (regent or emperor), over (knight or viceroy) and under (youth or servant), with numeric cards from ten to one. Of these studied by game theory, only chess and go as combinatorial games of strategy are defined as sport. The situation of zugzwang (German for "tug thong, compulsion to move", and referenced by the commendable Zwangzug) in chess (and the studies of combinatorial game theory) refers to an obligation to make a legal move in a turn of time when it will result in disadvantage (i.e., change a victory to perdition).

Link
Maxwell "Max" Dupain (an Australian friend of the Modernist architect Harry Seidler),
LinkSunbaker, 11637 HE.

Physical and natural human physiology is elemental to the exercise and practise of artificial sport. Puberty in human primates is associated with gonadarche, pubarche, menarche, spermarche, thelarche, and adrenarche (from the Greek ἀρχή or arkhē for "beginning, origin" of the sexual maturity of the gonads, pubic pile, menses of menstruation, sperm in the testes, mammary, papillar and areolar adipose, and adrenal androgens). Sexual steroids are steroid hormones (where cholesterol is the precursor in biosynthesis) that are produced in the testes or ovaries of males or females. They include progestogen, oestrogen and androgen, with the latter two (with all three types present in each sex) responsible for the sexual differentiation of feminine and masculine sex characteristics (that are secondary, not the primary of the chromosomes, gonads and genitals or the internal and external sexual organs) in adolescent puberty prior to adult maturity, respectively. These hormones are not directly correlated to athletic competitive advantage, whereas the haemoglobin protein carries oxygen in the blood to the muscles. The case of rupture (haemorrhage, which is consumed by haematophages and occurs in haemophilia from the deficiency of coagulant factors), compression, constriction (opposite of dilation), occlusion (obstruction by a thrombus or embolus in a vessel, vein or artery that cause thrombosis or embolism), contusion (coagulation in tissue as a haematoma from suffusion or effusion, contrary to infusion and distinct from diffusion, migration, conduction and convection) of coronary circulation and perfusion may cause ischaemia (a local anaemia from a diminished and insufficient capacity of to carry oxygen to tissues), necrosis (mortality of tissue from anoxia or hypoxia of the inanition of asphyxia that results from the absence of blood such as gangraena from γάγγραινα or gángraina for "putrefaction of tissues") and a lesion (infarct from trauma of the myocardium or cardiac muscle) that potentially results in arrest. The systole refers to a contraction of the heart (cardiac muscle), in contrast to diastole that refers to a relaxation. In the cardiac cycle of the mammalian heart, the chambers coordinate in the collection and circulation of blood. The atrium (the charge or reception chamber) relaxes during the ventricular diastole whilst the ventricle (the discharge or transmission chamber) dilates to receive blood from the atrium. The atrium contracts in the atrial systole to pump blood to the ventricle through a valve for it to transmit. In the ventricular systole, as it contracts and the pressure ejects a flow of blood, the atrium relaxes in the atrial diastole. The contraction and relaxation commence as isochoric ("equal volume", cf. isobaric for "equal pressure" and isothermal for "equal temperature" from thermodynamics) when bicuspid, tricuspid, aortic and pulmonary valves close. Syncope can result from arrhythmia (abnormal cardiac rhythm, e.g. bradycardia and tachycardia), orthostatic (postural or positional) hypotension (a cadence in the arterial systolic pressure, or the maximum pressure in a systole, compared to the minimum pressure in a diastole and the ventricular, atrial, vascular and venous pressures), or vasovagal and situational reflex as an excessive response to the modulation of sympathetic or adrenergic activity by parasympathetic or vagal efferents of the vagus nerve (with its complementary vagal afferents from a reduction of blood pressure induced and mediated by the neural and nervous system (with a perdition of conscience or conscious capacity because of the diminution of cerebral blood flow and prevention of the malaise including sufficient hydration and aqueous salt). A toxic and pharmaceutic medicament extracted from a floral and herbaceous plant (named for a "finger hut, thimble" of the thumb or pollex digit, which is distinct from the index, and whose foils are gloves for fairy folk and vulpine foxes in popular and vulgar myth) inhibits the pump (enzyme) of sodium, potassium and adenosine triphosphate that transports ions (charge carriers) to maintain the repose potential between the external and internal cellular membrane by electric polarisation and contrary to a concentration gradient. This primary effect inhibits the sodium and calcium exchanger protein as a secondary effect with the augmented contraction of cardiac muscle cells as a tertiary effect.

The heart (coure, corazón, cor, coração, cœr) was historically correlated to with the animal, sensual, mental and spiritual conscience (the intelligence of incorporated mind). The origin of this inference is the sensation (perception and stimulation) of the internal response to external stress (the pleasure and dolour of nervous, anxious and conscious stimulus including temperament, disposition and emotion). It persists in the Romance words of accord, concord, discord, misericord, record and courage. The cerebral brain is recognised to cause this cognition (conception and imagination). The intestinal and cerebral axis of bidirectional communication connects the digestive tract with the central nervous system by neuroactive chemicals (hormones, modulators, and transmitters with receptors). It includes the genome of mutual microbiota, the endocrine system, the immune system, enteric (and intrinsic) nervous system with neurones that communicate by the autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathetic) nervous system with the vagus nerve (which contribute to plexuses) and ganglia as neural connections, and the axis of the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland and the adrenal gland. The interactions include cephalic, gastric, pancreatic and biotic responses (secretions and excretions) in digestion as a systemic, metabolic and humoural function. With stress, its fluctuation and variation relates to visceral, abdominal and intestinal irritation (inflammation). The biosynthesis of other steroids occurs within the adrenal cortex, a component of an endocrine gland that secrete their hormonal products directly into the sanguine circulatory system. The cells of the adrenal medulla produces the hormone or neurotransmitter adrenaline (epinephrine), which is synthesised from noradrenaline (norepinephrine), in its liquid (fluid) cytoplasmic matrix. The secretion of these hormones serves in autonomic function as a sympathetic nervous system response to stress or tension. In the inhibition transmission of pain signals, the neurotransmitter associated with pleasure is promoted by the production of endogenous morphine (similar to opium) within the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus is the neural control centre of this endocrine system.

Corporal exercise augments these hormones. It and mental stress (emotional tension) reduces the anabolic peptide hormone (of the diffusion of the endocrine system contrary to the exocrine where glands secrete directly via ducts to receptors) that regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates in the promotion of the absorption of glucose in the blood by the cells to accumulate energy, and the inhibition of glucose production and secretion. The steroid hormone cortisol (from a contraction of cortisone, itself a contraction of corticosterone) of the zona fasciculata (one of three zones of the adrenal cortex, with the others the zona glomerulosa and the zona reticularis), in addition to this metabolic response, suppresses inflammation (frequently an inflammatory response of the immune system that protects the organism with the resistance of immunity and that liberates histamines, which modulates and mediates in the tissue, histós or ῐ̔στός as an aggregate of substance, fibre and the structural constituent, component or element of the cell, cyte, kútos or κῠ́τος). As a corticosteroid, it is used as a medicinal and curative remedy with calamine (cadmia, from κᾰδμείᾱ or kadmeíā in reference to mythic Κᾰ́δμος or Kádmos) of zinc oxide as an astringent, ferric oxide as an antipruritic, menthol as a local (not general) anaesthetic, and phenolic or carbolic acid as an antiseptic disinfectant (which is distinct from an antibiotic). Immunity depends on the leukocytes (i.e., myelocytes and lymphocytes, which of mononuclear and without granules or secretory vesicles similar to monocytes inclusive of phagocytic macrophages, of which the microglia of the central nervous system is a type that was discovered by Pío del Río Hortega, in addition to oligodendrocytes and who was a student of Santiago Ramón y Cajal) produced in haematopoiesis with the osseous medulla. The erythrocytes (red and sanguine haematids) carry (transport and circulate) oxygen (and the products of carbon dioxide, carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion in equilibrium) with ferric or ferrous haemoglobin for aerobic respiration in energetic metabolism of vertebrate organisms.

Analogues of the epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine neurotransmitters include stimulants that augment the activity of the neural circuits. Most of these chemical substances stimulate or activate the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system as agonists of effluxion (or as antagonists that inhibit the function of an agonist or inverse agonist at receptors as a protein molecule that responds to neurotransmitters in reception). Caffeine in coffee, tea and chocolate indirectly augments the neurotransmission of these by the inhibition of the receptors of adenosine. Cocaine in coca (kuka) is an indirect sympathomimetic that inhibits the transporter of dopamine and augments the activation of the receptor of dopamine. The monoamine alkaloid of khat (from Arabic قَات‎ or qāt) stimulates the effluxion of dopamine and inhibits the reabsorption of epinephrine, norepinephrine and serotonin. The alkaloids of the cactus peyotl affect neurotransmission of serotonin, whilst the euphoric and psychoactive effect of those of opium (the latex juice or sap of the floral poppy plant) is the result of morphine (named for Μορφεύς or Morpheús) that is similar to the endogenous peptide that inhibits acute or chronic pain in the central nervous system (which is composed of the cerebrum, or the brain, and the medulla spinalis, or the marrow of the dorsal spine or vertebral column as the nucha from the Arabic نُخَاع‎ or nuḵāʿ and نُقْرَة‎ or nuqra). A plant of the nightshade family named (with various indigenous names including iyetl, ahsemawa and pety(n)) from tabaco (ṭubbāq or طُبَّاق for the floral inula), contains an alkaloid that affects the central and peripheral nervous systems (in the latter as agonists to the receptors that transmit from the presynaptic to the postsynaptic cells within the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system). Used as an animal insecticide, which is a class of pesticide that is distinct from a vegetal herbicide, it has a tendency of addiction. In ceremonies it is mixed (apakozigan) or not (mitakozigan) with the "cortex", foils and bays (kinikinige) of the manzanita (cf. madrone), cornel or sumac. Its name is related to طَيُّون or ṭayyūn with the fumes of دُخَان or duḵān as a cognate to ظَيَّان or ẓayyān in an Aramaic adoption and Syriac distortion of the botanic herbal χελῑδόνῐον or khelīdónion (but not related to the similar طَبَقَة or ṭabaqa for "stratum, class, level, storey" from طَابَق or ṭābaq as in the Sicilian tavac(c)a and the Catalan tàvega as a synonym to the Maltese matmura or subterranean mazmorra, masmorra, matamore).

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