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Brethren wrote:

I thought they were both mainly to test the bombs.

I mean, the bombs were meant for Mr. Moustache Man in Germany. But the war was practically over in Europe.

The 'Muricans had a few bombs on hand while they were fighting an enemy that wouldn't back down. Then somebody thought "Hey, remember those bombs?" (Source: Some Dude or something, idk)

The first bomb on Hiroshima caused some of the Hardliner IJA Generals a great amount of concern. The Nagasaki bomb actually wasn't supposed to be on Nagasaki and actually Kokura. But due to low visibility, they were to divert to Nagasaki, a major Mitsubishi production and manufacturing city.

The second bomb really made some of the Hardliner Generals switch to the Surrender Option. With the political balance of Generals tipped towards the more Surrender-oriented military leader, they approached the emperor to put an end to the war.

If my information is correct, the Soviets were actually planning to invade Japan in a final offensive after the fall of Mr. Moustache Man. The surrender of the Japanese Empire essentially ended that idea.

The bombings of the two cities really put the Soviet Union on edge and they began their Atomic Weapons Development program soon after